Curriculum design and development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Educational program structure and improvement - Essay Example During this time understudies will be acquainted with writing looking, investigative and presentational (PowerPoint) aptitudes Phase 2 †Experimental. Understudies will be allotted directors and must finish a month to month progress report and go to any meets as regarded vital by the boss. Toward the finish of this period the understudy must present a draft report, which will get input from the administrator Phase 3 †Final examination and reviewing. The understudy will set up a composed report in the style of a logical distribution, including references (and will introduce their work to the staff and understudy associate as a PowerPoint introduction Teaching and Learning Strategy The Project Module gives a chance to the understudy to utilize the data gathering, hypothetical, handy and investigative aptitudes that have been creating during the course. Likewise, relational abilities are created during the planning and introduction of the last undertaking report in both a compo sed structure and as a PowerPoint introduction. Understudies will be urged to build up their own venture thoughts and liaise both with their clinical coach and the task module guide to guarantee that these outcome in a reasonable speculation and exploratory structure that may test the theory. As such a wide assortment of bits of work may meet all requirements for this module, including reviews, survey based examinations, work with center gatherings, audits of logical writing to accumulate information/data for investigation, examination of any significant databases or records of treatment chronicles. All ventures should be endorsed in accordance with the Faculty’s arrangements on Health and Safety, guaranteeing Ethical Considerations and adherence with Peer Review of Scientific Proposals. Characteristic Assessment Number of Assignments Assessment Type/Duration/Wordcount (demonstrative just) Learning Outcomes being evaluated 1 log book/month to month progress reports and execut ion decided by the director and clinical coach 3, 4, 5 1 Project review 2-3000 words 1. 2. 3. 6. 7 1 Presentation 15 min 1. 2. 3. 6. 7 Module Pass Requirements For effective consummation of the module a characteristic of in any event 40% must be accomplished in each evaluated part. Book reference and Learning Support Material This will be totally subject to the undertaking title chose. New MODULE DESCRIPTOR Module Title Orthodontic Therapy Project Module Code OT103 Module Delivery Year Module TUTOR Hemant Patel date Approved thirteenth August 2008 VERSION NUMBER 1 DEPARTMENT Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education PARTNER INSTITUTION None Overview Of The Course This Orthodontic Therapy Project is a module that goes on for a year planned for preparing Dental Care experts to become Orthodontic Therapists. This is one of the focuses that have been affirmed to offer such a preparation program. Relationship with different Modules Co-imperatives None Pre-necessities None Excluded Comb inations None Project Aims The points of the task are to: empower understudy to use and improve the pertinent abilities that they have created

Business Models & Technological Innovation-Samples for Students

Question: Give a point by point investigation of the assets that will be required for this undertaking. Answer: Point by point investigation of assets required for the undertaking to improve the accessibility of reasonable lodging in Auckland: Physical essential assets: Labor assets, which incorporate development laborers and experts, should be made arrangements for their abilities, amounts and necessity time dependent on work breakdown structure, time plan venture subtleties and assessments. Development materials are another essential asset for the particular undertaking and data should be gathered about the identification of various sorts of material prerequisites, wellspring of accessibility, necessity time as indicated by venture calendar and provider acquisition procedure and site conveyance (Baden-Fuller Haefliger, 2013). Development hardware like gear for activities of earthwork, transportation, solid creation, compaction and situation are the other physical essential assets required for this undertaking. Be that as it may, these should be sent viably for speeding up and quality development at least expenses (Lfsten, 2016). HR: Figure 1: Organizational structure (Source: As made by creator) The above hierarchical structure has been intended to improve the extent of this new undertaking. The undertaking administrator would be on the top on the chain of importance and the individual would have the power to make changes in the underlying arrangement, whenever regarded essential. Moreover, the individual would be liable for managing the whole group alongside guaranteeing that the exercises performed are inside spending plan. Beneath the undertaking administrator would be the group chief and the individual would introduce the results to the venture director alongside settling any issues between the colleagues (Bagautdinova et al., 2014). The human asset chief would work under the venture administrator too and the individual would plan reports and present the equivalent to the undertaking director. The money supervisor has the power to care for the expense of every action and the individual would record all adjusts contrasted with costs. The quality administrator would work under the group head, the individual would check the material quality, and if any progressions occur, it is accounted for to the group chief. The laborers would work under the human asset chief and they would be chosen dependent on the venture prerequisites. At long last, three bookkeepers would work under the account chief to help the last in recording costs. Capital assets: This specific undertaking has the accessibility of two kinds of capital assets. These assets incorporate interior assets just as outside assets (Caeque Hart, 2015). Inward assets: The association that would do this lodging venture in Auckland could utilize its held profit as inside capital assets. This could be utilized by stopping back of benefits from the past budgetary year so as to subsidize the prerequisites of the task. Outer assets: The outer capital assets could be isolated into obligation capital and value capital. For example, the association could give debentures, organization stores that would go under the class of obligation capital. Then again, the association could give value offers to accumulate cash from the potential financial specialists and the overall population (Holm, Gnzel Ulhi, 2013). In any case, it is to be borne at the top of the priority list that obligation capital is less expensive than value capital. This is on the grounds that the normal pace of return for the financial specialists is higher than the loan fees in many events. Monetary assets: The monetary assets that are accessible to the association for this undertaking incorporate the accompanying: Singular lodging appropriations Accreditation of regions Operational capital spending plan Expanded markdown advantage conspire Social and financial offices The previously mentioned programs offer appropriations to the cooperatives for purchasing finished or present properties alongside conceding subsidizing to the districts or regions (Ostendorf, Mouzas Chakrabarti, 2014). The principle objective is to give offices or administrations to proficient administrations so as to help in arranging or conveyance. Henceforth, these monetary assets could be gotten to for improving the accessibility of moderate lodging in Auckland. Information assets and abilities: The information assets and abilities are considered as a noteworthy viewpoint in this particular undertaking for improving the nature of moderate lodging in Auckland. These assets incorporate access to basic integral resources, which the helpful could accomplish by cooperating with a famous firm in Auckland. What's more, these would help in reinforcing its serious situation too. Another information ability is to enter different zones of New Zealand aside from Auckland by teaming up with a nearby accomplice for across the country development in lodging offices. At last, genuine alternative methodology is another information ability that could be utilized with respect to the helpful for supporting with vulnerability. References: Baden-Fuller, C., Haefliger, S. (2013). Plans of action and mechanical innovation.Long run planning,46(6), 419-426. Bagautdinova, N. G., Galieva, G. T., Pakhmutov, Y. O., Pratchenko, O. V. (2014). Strategies for guideline of procedures of advancement business development.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(12), 75. Caeque, F. C., Hart, S. L. (Eds.). (2015).Base of the Pyramid 3.0: Sustainable advancement through development and business enterprise. Greenleaf Publishing. Holm, A. B., Gnzel, F., Ulhi, J. P. (2013). Transparency in advancement and plans of action: exercises from the paper industry.International Journal of Technology Management,61(3/4), 324-348. Lfsten, H. (2016). Business and development assets: Determinants for the endurance of new innovation based firms.Management Decision,54(1), 88-106. Ostendorf, J., Mouzas, S., Chakrabarti, R. (2014). Development in business arranges: The job of utilizing resources.Industrial Marketing Management,43(3), 504-511.

What Is a Character Analysis Essay and How to Write It

What Is a Character Analysis Essay and How to Write It Different literary courses often require writing critical and analytical types of essays. One of such essays is a character analysis essay that a student has to perform on the chosen book character (in other cases, on the movie character). If you need to complete such an assignment, then our tips on this type of essay writing will definitely come in handy. Keep reading to know more about how to write such essays. Preparing for Your Essay and Picking the Character Every essay starts with a topic. In the case of a character analysis essay, you need to choose the character that you are going to describe and analyze. If the character is not specified and you need to make a choice, consider the following points: You might choose a major character or a secondary one Make sure to identify the relationship of your character with the others, his or her role in the story, the development through the plot and symbolism involved Find the quotes and description of the character in the text â€" details of the appearance, mentality, features, etc. Choose the character whom you can find enough information about in the source. Consider the type of a character Before making your choice of a character or multiple characters to analyze, pay attention to the type of the character: Protagonist â€" a positive character. Antagonist â€" a negative one. Foil â€" contrasts the major character. Major â€" leading characters who dominate in the story, the center of the plot. Minor â€" characters who appear in lesser episodes. Dynamic â€" the one who constantly changes. Static â€" the one who remains the same. The type defines the place of the character in the story and should be mentioned in your essay as well as the significant meaning or the symbolism of the character. Take your notes Once you have decided on what specific character you are going to examine in your analysis essay, you can start gathering all the information that you can find. Look through the original source and write down: All of the scenes that your character appears in All of the characters he or she interacts with Description of the character that the author provides Scenes with the character After you have all of your notes ready, you can start working on your essay. Writing an Outline Start your essay with creating a character analysis essay outline. Consider that character analysis essay has the structure that is pretty similar to any other type of academic writing that you usually perform. Introduction. Make sure to start your essay with a catchy sentence. Quotes, intriguing questions or interesting facts make a great hook for character analysis essay. Also make sure to include your thesis statement that will represent your opinion, thoughts and the main idea of your essay. You can take your inspiration for your hook sentence from our article. Body paragraphs. These paragraphs should contain the main information about the character, the description, facts, etc. Dont forget to support your claims with the evidence â€" the quotes from the original source. Conclusion. The summary of your text that restates your thesis statement and concludes the ideas in your essay. If you would like to improve your writing skills, make sure to check some useful tips. Writing an Introduction An introduction is the main part of your essay as it sets the tone for the whole paper and catches the readers attention. If your introduction is good enough, it is a reason for a reader to continue reading further. Make sure to make your character analysis essay introduction clear. Mention the main idea of your paper, which character you have chosen and why, what makes this character significant or what distinguishes him or her from the rest of the characters. Also, phrase and write down your thesis statement. Sometimes your thesis statement might be unclear until you finish the body of your essay. So, if you are not sure about it, set it aside and write your body paragraphs. Sample character analysis thesis statement “In his novel Lord of the Rings, J. R. R. Tolkien makes Sam devoted, faithful, optimistic and to some extent naive to contrast and emphasize the loneliness and the vulnerability of Frodo caused by the ring.” If you want to find some other character analysis thesis examples, make sure to take a look at the samples works performed by our writing team. Or, you might also be interested in writing methods that famous writers used in their work which you can use too. Writing the Body Paragraphs The body paragraphs of your essay are the main representation of the information that you have found in the original source. They must include the quotes that will support your claims and provide a description of the character from the authors perspective. You can also write a character analysis of multiple characters and their relationships. Find the quotes that will provide a detailed description not only of the appearance of the character but also their relationships and the place of the character in the story. Make sure to provide your opinion and evolve your thesis statement idea, referring to the particular parts of the original source. Writing a Conclusion The analysis essay conclusion should be a summary of your work. Make sure to repeat your thesis statement in other words and add a brief explanation of your findings. You might also mention the correlation between the experience of the character in the story and the experience that we might get in real life, you might make a conclusion about the mistakes that the character has made. Finishing Proofread and edit your essay. Make sure to check if your essay follows the guidelines of your teacher or professor. If you are still confused about the process of writing this kind of essay or face difficulties with particular essay topics, you can always turn to a professional writing team and ask for help. You can order your essay or ask for editing service here.

Organizational Environment And Behavior Method - 1882 Words

Abstract Deutsche Lufthansa AG, also known as Lufthansa (sometimes also as Lufthansa German Airlines), is the largest German airline and, when combined with its subsidiaries, also the largest airline in Europe, both in terms of passengers carried and fleet size. In this paper, I will initially examine Lufthansa organizational environment and behavior method. I will start of by analyzing the collaborative work environment, specifically discussing collaboration techniques, interaction between leaders and followers, and supportive communication. Therefore, covering the decision-making environment, risk management, and how the organization resolves conflict through the strategic negotiation process. Secondly, I will examine its approach to accomplish team-building and drive innovation. Introduction Today, 90 years ago, the merging of Junkers Luftverkehr AG and German Aero Lloyd AG on January 6, 1926 in Berlin, was the birth of the German national airline â€Å"German air Hansa† known today as Deutsche Lufthansa. An amazing foundation of historical events that took place after World War I, the airline has a story of pioneering spirit, expansionism, visions, and is marked by continuous improvements and innovations. Lufthansa is one of the largest and best-known airlines in the world. The cooperate headquarters sits in Cologne with major airport hubs located in Frankfurt, Munich, Zurich, Vienna, and Brussels. 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No matter whatRead MoreOrganizational Psychology Paper714 Words   |  3 PagesOrganizational Psychology your name PSY/428 September 20, 2010 Marianne Narick Organizational Psychology As organizations grow and expand globally, the growing number of business competitors who provide the same services becomes greater. Organizational psychologists are a benefit to organizational success, regardless of size. Organizational Psychologists can offer fresh ideas for improvement using various methods of study and research. One important step in understanding the peopleRead MoreGoogle : Organizational Methods Of Creativity1293 Words   |  6 PagesGoogle: Organizational Methods to Enhance Creativity Name Institution Date Course ABSTRACT The study focuses on the methods that organizations use to enhance creativity. These methods varied considerably from one organization to the other leading to difference in performance. The research also investigates how creativity process determines the eventual organizational performance. In an attempt to improve the level of creativity, organisations use various models and theories. There are three common

I Designed My Lesson Plan - 864 Words

a.) I designed my lesson plan to be used in first and second grade. This lesson plan was designed to be a cross curriculum lesson about spiders that incorporates the following subject areas: Science, Language Arts, and Visual/Performance Arts. This lesson will be taught during the month of October after students have gained prior knowledge through an insect unit that was taught the month before. (b.) The content object that I used in this lesson was for students to be able to identify important information about spiders. I think that providing students with background knowledge prior (teaching a month long unit on insects) would assist students when it comes time to do a unit on spiders. I think that the most challenging aspect for this lesson would be the vocabulary words. The vocabulary list that I have complied varies in difficulty and I believe that some of the words would be more challenging to some of the students. I would ensure that these words were taught previously in the insect unit in order for students to become familiar with these words. I would also have prior knowledge of my student’s abilities and provide individualized word lists that match the student’s ability. In addition, I would stock the student library with a variety of books about spiders that contain the vocabulary words, and utilize various center activities to reinforce the lesson o bjectives for this unit. The content object that I created is both measureable and observable and theShow MoreRelatedThe Lesson Plan On The United States Civil War1704 Words   |  7 Pages This lesson plan has been designed for an eleventh grade social studies class with the content of the lesson plan focusing on the United States Civil War. The reason I chose to create this specific lesson place was because I eventually want to be a social studies teacher in a high school. 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I added these in my lesson plan because they make the plan come to life so I can educate my students theRead MoreStages Of Cognitive And Moral Development810 Words   |  4 PagesIntelligences To meet my students’ needs, I will begin supporting them psychologically, academically and develop classes that appeal to a wide range of different bits of intelligence. I am going to develop assorted techniques to construct my lesson activities that allow students to relate to the subject matter in ways that fit their interests, learning styles and strengths. I have many students who show abilities in different areas of intellect consequently I will let them work in collaborativeRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education1486 Words   |  6 PagesMy teaching philosophy of education is being able to recognise that all children learn in different and unique ways. I believe that all students should have a safe learning environment which enables them to grow physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. As a teacher, I aim to act as a guide for student learning and provide demonstrations and understanding to all students. More specifically as a physical education teac her, I aim to bring a positive and encouraging attitude to the students and

Modern Music And Its Impact On Popular Music - 1388 Words

Popular music is an example of what cultural industries produce and also what Theodor Adorno criticizes in his essay, On Popular Music. Theodor Adorno is a German philosopher, socialist, and also a composer. He analyzes popular music with the perspective not only from music, but also from the economic system based on Marx’s idea. This paper first discusses his theory about popular music, including three important key terms and then how he develops this theory based on Marxism. Further, this paper will also apply Adorno’s theory to a Disney movie, Frozen in order to evaluate his theory. By comparing popular music with serious music, Theodor Adorno makes a theory that criticizes popular music, suggesting three key words to describe characteristics of popular music: standardization, pseudo-individualization, and social cement. In other words, because of these characteristics, Adorno thinks popular music as inferior to serious music. The first and the primary characteristic of popular music, standardization means that popular music is assimilated to successful music in both structure and content (Adorno 73). As the example of the standardized structure, he mentions the chorus because it is standardized by the limit of one octave and one note with thirty-two bars. Not only is the whole structure including the chorus standardized, but also the content of popular music is standardized. Although he does not introduce examples in his essay, one of the standardized contents is aboutShow MoreRelatedMusic has Accompanied Man through History656 Words   |  3 PagesUndoubtedly we are talking about music. 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These lyrics have been judged to be inspirations for violent, suicidal, and criminal acts. For example, Mr. Raymond Kuntz referred to his sons incident. When his wife went to wake their son for school, theyRead MoreBritain and American Influence on Australian Pop Culture in the 1950s1333 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of American and British Popular Culture on Australia in the 1950s In the 1950s America and Britain influenced Australia’s popular culture in a number of ways. Although Australia’s national identity is evident in every part of popular culture, America and Britain both had a significant impact on the development of Australian culture since World War Two. Throughout out the decade they changed the way people thought about Australian fashion, music and entertainment. 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One of these aspects is music. But how exactly has Western music influenced Chinese music? In order to understand this, we must look at the history of Western encountersRead MoreDigital Technology on the Media Industry1499 Words   |  6 PagesExplore the impact of digital technologies on the music industries In recent years, digital technologies have changed dramatically, consequentially having a significant impact on the music industry, who have been forced to alter their methods of production; to counteract the increased fickleness of music audiences, whose tastes are ever-changing and seek instant gratification. The evolution of the music industry has been acutely influenced by the developments in technology. It could be arguedRead MoreMusic Of The 60s Help Shape Modern Australian Society1259 Words   |  6 Pages In what ways did music in the 60s help shape modern Australian society â€Å"People today are still living off the table scraps of the sixties. They are still being passed around - the music and the ideas.† This was pronounced by Bob Dylan, a folk musician of the sixties: an era in which the music heavily influenced the culture of the time and continues to influence the music and culture today. The music and artists of the 60s influenced radio and television, the music, fashion and lifestyles of theRead MoreWhat Did Music From Late Period Influence Composers Working After 1950?1357 Words   |  6 PagesStudy of Music Student Name: Sum Ming LEE Deadline: 11/1/2015 Question: To what extent did music from earlier period influence composers working after 1950? Discuss at least two different examples from art music or popular music, or one from each. Classical, Baroque, and Romantic Music Influence on Modern Genres The Classical, Romantic and Baroque eras all influenced modern genres now a day. They are the foundation of all music. There is no way that music has no single element of earlier music. It is

The Man with the Twisted Lip Essay Example For Students

The Man with the Twisted Lip Essay Examine the settings which the writers have chosen for their stories in the Signalman and The Man with the Twisted Lip. Consider the effects that each writer has created and how they contribute to the atmosphere. Both The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Man with the Twisted Lip by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle use setting to create a menacing atmosphere. They were also both written during Queen Victorias reign: The Signalman in 1866, and The Man with the Twisted Lip in 1891. The Signalman was written five years after the Clayton tunnel crash and a year after Dickens was involved in the Staplehurst rail crash which killed ten people and injured forty-nine. Central to the Signalman are two rail accidents, preceded by the appearance of a spectre, and these are both believed to have been used as material for the story. It is, perhaps, saying that railways, a product of the Industrial Revolution and rationality, are not immune to unknown and irrational forces. The Industrial Revolution changed the world: the Victorian era saw the rise of machine powered labour needing fewer people to do work, and mass movement of people from the country to cities. The Man with the Twisted Lip is one of Doyles famous Sherlock Holmes stories. Sherlock Holmes is an amateur detective who always manages to solve his cases, unlike the police of the time who were unable to catch the infamous Jack the Ripper, at work two years before this story was written. Holmes was so popular that when Doyle killed him off, the public demanded he be brought back. Doyle used real settings for his stories, mostly in London, including Baker Street, where Holmes lived. For readers of the time, it provided a feeling that exciting things were happening in the streets they walked in; today it grants us an insight into historical London. Dickens also created many memorable descriptions of London and its people, using characters from all sections of society. This story, however, is set around an isolated stretch of railway line in an unnamed part of the countryside. This ambiguity of location adds to the mystery surrounding the line. From the very beginning of the Signalman, Dickens introduces the sinister atmosphere of the story. There is an instant contrast between the signalman, shadowed down in the deep trench and the narrator high above (in the) glow of an angry sunset. The narrator, as yet unaware of the supernatural happenings, has to descend into darkness and the unknown to satisfy his curiosity. This is a common device in many mystery and ghost stories, and in todays horror films. By calling the sunset angry, Dickens hints at violence, and also the colour red, associated with aggression. This is echoed in the rapid approach of a train, suddenly growing from a vague vibration to a violent pulsation, suggesting hostility and attack, and possibly a warning to the narrator to turn away. The rough zigzag path is also unwelcoming, and rough implies that no one else uses it. The cutting, a man-made scar on the landscape, is deep and probably dangerous, as it becomes oozier and wetter as he goes down, again, a reason for him to turn back. The stone is clammy as if it is sweating nervously and unpleasantly. As the narrator reaches the signalman, it becomes clear that this is an ominous and gloomy place. It is solitary and dismal devoid of hope or life. The wall of jagged stone is primitive and unsafe, excluding all but a strip of sky. It is denying any view of the natural world above, generating a mood of claustrophobia and captivity, accentuated by the description of the setting as a dungeon with dripping-wet walls. .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac , .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .postImageUrl , .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac , .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:hover , .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:visited , .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:active { border:0!important; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:active , .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf1f38ff098419d8e4f14d57935250dac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay On Teenage SuicideDickens writes that there is so little sunlight instead of describing it as dark to increase the desolation by making it seem deprived of something. Dickens also describes the smell, an earthy deadly smell reminiscent of a graveyard, a traditional horror or mystery setting. Looking one way is only a crooked prolongation of this view. The adjective crooked suggests dishonesty and wrongness, and prolongation that it never ends and again, there is no escape. In the other direction is only the gloomy red light and gloomier black tunnel. By using gloomy instead of dark Dickens makes them seem dreary. Both the light and the tunnel are significant later in the story, and the narrator is already wary of them. The use of the comparative implies that wherever he looks, he can find nothing better about the place: it only gets worse. The massive architecture of the tunnel suggests this artificial structure is soulless and makes the narrator feel small. The atmosphere is barbarous. Like the jagged wall this conveys the crudeness unexpected in this modern creation. It is also forbidding, continuing the theme that the narrator should not be there. The sense of foreboding is strong; he says it struck chill to me, a worrying sensation that could be due to the ghostly presence. Struck suggests it is sudden and perhaps unsettling. It is as if the narrator has left the natural world, and indeed, there is a supernatural presence here in the spectre that appears. It suggests death, as if he has left this world and passed into another. Finally, it is a lonesome post forgotten by all, and he later considers this may have had an effect on the signalmans mind. These subtle hints of the supernatural build the tension for later in the story. Once the narrator has introduced himself to the signalman, he is taken to the box. Although it is small, as implied by the word box itself, it has a fire, a desk and a telegraphic instrument, all solid, comforting and things. The fire is inviting and a great reassurance. The desk and telegraphic instrument are both symbols of the new logical world, where science increasingly explained the world. The Man with the Twisted Lip begins in Dr. Watsons cosy living room. It is the hour when a man gives his first yawn so he is not planning to do anything else tonight. However the arrival of Kate Whitney makes him leave his armchair and cheery sitting-room. It is not necessary for the story to start here: Doyle could have begun it on the way to the Bar of Gold, but this location is a direct contrast to the places Watson will go to next. Swandam Lane is a vile alley lurking near the wharves somewhere in the East End, the poorest part of London. Vile suggests a repulsive atmosphere and alley a dark, fetid passageway. The personification of lurking makes it seem either ashamed, or lying in wait, about to attack. The slop shop and gin shop are an indication of the poverty of the area. A slop shop was a place where ready-made clothing was sold which no respectable Victorian person would wear. The gin shop implies drunkenness and possible violence, as well as reinforcing the poverty of the area: gin was drunk by most working class people. It is dark, apart from the two golden tunnels of yellow light from a cart. Golden suggests something precious and tunnels some form of escape. Few sounds penetrate the gloom. The policemans footfall is one, as a policeman would be needed in such a place, probably to subdue the shouting revellers. These noises serve to heighten the silence around, suggesting that no one wants to stay there long. The murky river moves sluggishly, murky suggesting debris hidden beneath the surface, and the adverb sluggishly gives the river the same lazy characteristics of the inhabitants of the area, or the middle- and upper-class view of them, as until recently they were the only people able to read. .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 , .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .postImageUrl , .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 , .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:hover , .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:visited , .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:active { border:0!important; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:active , .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738 .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6c1d0bdea23c3232015e7a1523db3738:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rustlers of Panther Gap EssayThe steps down to The Bar of Gold have been worn by the ceaseless tread of drunken feet. This shows that people are already intoxicated when they go there to smoke opium, another indication of squalor. The steps lead down to a black gap. As in The Signalman, the character must descend into the unknown. The long low room is thick and heavy with brown smoke creating an oppressive atmosphere.

Animal Experimentation Essays - Animal Testing, Animal Rights

Animal Experimentation Annually, millions of animals suffer and die in painful tests in order to determine the safety of cosmetics. Substances like eye shadow and soap are tested on rabbits, guinea pigs, rats, dogs, and many other animals, despite the fact that the test results do not help prevent or treat human illness or injury. Cosmetics are not required to be experimented on animals, and since non-animal alternatives exist, it's difficult to understand why some companies still choose to conduct these brutal and unnecessary tests. Cosmetic companies murder millions of animals every year just to put a few more dollars into their pockets. The companies who perform these tests claim that they establish the safety of both the products and their components. However, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetic products, does not require animal testing in any way, shape, or form. Some of the tests used on animals are eye, toxicity, and skin irritant tests. In eye irritant tests, a liquid, flake, granule, or powdered material is placed directly into the eyes of rabbits. The animals are often immobilized in cages from which only their heads may show. They do not receive anesthesia during the tests. After placing the irritants into the rabbits' eyes, scientists record the damage to the eye tissue at specific intervals over a period of seventy-two hours. The tests sometimes can last anywhere from seven, up to eighteen days. Side effects from these experiments include swollen eyelids, ulceration, bleeding, swollen irises, massive deterioration, and blindness. During the tests, rabbits' eyelids are usually held open with clips. Many animals break their necks while restrained, attempting to escape. Toxicity tests, otherwise known as lethal dose or poisoning tests, record the amount of a material that will kill a percentage, sometimes even up to one-hundred percent, of a group of lab animals. In these tests, a liquid is forced into the animals stomach linings, and through holes slit in their throats. Scientists observe the animals' reactions which may be convulsions, severe asthma attacks, malnutrition, rashes, boils, and bleeding from facial features. This test was developed in 1927 and the testing continues until at least fifty percent of the animals die. Like eye irritant tests, lethal dose tests are unreliable and have too many variables to have an accurate result. Alternatives to cosmetic testing are far less expensive and more accurate. Animals obviously have different biological systems than humans, and therefore the tests cannot be as accurate as the current tests of modern day science. Some animal-free alternatives are cell and tissue cultures, corneas from eye banks, and sophisticated computer and mathematical models. Companies may also calculate a formula using ingredients already proven safe by the FDA. Most cruelty-free companies use a combination of many methods to ensure the safety of a product. Lobbying by animal welfare groups has resulted in federal, state, and local legislation severely restricting animal experimentation. Under the U.S. Animal Welfare Act, all animals used in biomedical research must be bought from vendors licensed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The USDA inspects laboratories where animals are used and enforces federal laws regarding treatment and care of the animals. Scientists have also taken action to prevent the abuse of the animals, in part because abused animals may not result in reliable data. The American Physiological Society, the National Institutes of Health, and many other organizations have joined together in order to lay down guidelines and rules for the use and treatment of experimental animals. Currently, there are also many universities with animal welfare committees. In a national survey conducted by the American Medical Association, seventy-five percent of Americans are against using animals in cosmetic testing. Hundreds of companies have responded by switching to cruelty-free test methods. To help put an end to animal testing, people can stop buying products that were tested on animals, call or write to these companies, or write to your congressional representative about the alternatives that currently exist.

ArabIsraeli wars essays

ArabIsraeli wars essays The Rabinnovich article titled 'Seven Wars and a Peace Treaty',gives a chronological background of wars made between Arabs and Israeli's after the birth of Israeli state. The Israeli's reffered this war as the war of Independence.It had two distinct phases.It first begun in 1947 after UN resolution on the partition of Palestine.The resolution was accepted by the Jewish community,but Arabs rejected.The result was a civil war.Until May 15, 1948 th two feuding communities tried to predispose the outcome of the full-fledged strife that was bound to folow te evacuation of British forces.As a result,much of fighting was mainly over the control of roads and the mixed cities. After Israeli's declaration of independence,Egypt,Lebanon,Iraq,Syria and Jordan invaded Palestine to help Palestinian Arabs.This war lasted eight months.Israel Defence Forces (IDF) a formal army,fought with 5 arab states armies. By December 1948,it was clear that Israel had won the war.Egyptian army was advanced well into Sinai.Lebanese army was pushed back to its borders and Israelis captured part of South Lebanon.Syrian army was forced to retreat to a line corresponding,to the pre 1948 international boundary.Those zones became demilitarized.The war ended with Jordan in control of what became West Bank.Iraqi army played a minor role,ts major role was pushing the Arab League to intervene in the war. But how could Israel succeed? It enjoyed the benefit of coherent leadership,whose impact was magnified by David Ben-Gurion's ability to integrate military and politiical elements into comphrensive strategy.Israel was predicted on social and political structures of its own long before.Later in the war,it obtained arms and turneits early military disadvantages into advantages.Soviet assistance to Israel was one reflection of the international dimension of the war.By helping Israel,Moscow hoped to disturb the status quo. In the end of the war,Israel had larger area ...

Banking Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Banking Industry - Research Paper Example It was a considered a premier bank in the Asian region. In Japan, after opening its branch in 1866, the bank went on to become an adviser to the government on banking and currency. In 1888, it was the first bank to be established in Thailand, where it printed the country's first banknotes. Today HSBC proudly boasts of over 100 million customers around the world1, with 9500 offices in 85 countries and a diverse workforce of more than 335,000 people1. The bank has successfully completed 140 years of its presence in China in 2005 with UK having the biggest share of its operations with over 55,000 employees serving the bank customers. Political: Today the world is indeed divided into many political arenas on the basis of issues like economic policies, fundamentalism, terrorism, oil exploration, nuclear power etc. The banking industry is the one whose association is required in almost all types of businesses. In the times when economic liberalisation is in full swing all around the globe, the attitude of governments determines the fate of banking operations in any country. HSBC has so far been doing well in almost all parts of the world, without being associated with any major controversy. Economic: The economic policies being pursued by the government also... PESTLE factors include; Political: Today the world is indeed divided into many political arenas on the basis of issues like economic policies, fundamentalism, terrorism, oil exploration, nuclear power etc. The banking industry is the one whose association is required in almost all types of businesses. In the times when economic liberalisation is in full swing all around the globe, the attitude of governments determines the fate of banking operations in any country. HSBC has so far been doing well in almost all parts of the world, without being associated with any major controversy. Economic: The economic policies being pursued by the government also determines the banking and finance sector. For example, if the country has an open economic policy, pursuing the globalisation and liberalization policies, that indicate more and frequent business operations, diversifications, expansions, mergers, acquisitions etc. which in turn imply more opportunities for the banking sector. HSBC having majority market share in many markets like UK and USA, heavily depends on economic factors. At present the indications of recessionary trends from many markets, doesn't bode well for banking sector in general and HSBC in particular. Socio-cultural: The society in general has a big influence on any business and the banking and finance industry is certainly not an exception. The saving habits, the spending habits, holidaying practices and the lifestyle determine the extent to which banking industry will be affected by such factors. Technology: Impact of technology can be seen in almost all walks of life today. The increasing emphasis on online banking, e-commerce etc. requires that banks invest good amount in making available reliable

Out of town Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Out of town Brown - Essay Example Furthermore, she should explain to the reporter that when the Chief Probation Officer designated her as officer-in-charge, he did not give her authority to discuss the officers recommendations on any case under their watch. In the event where the reporter press Joan to make comments on the probably sentence of the offender, Joan should refrain from making any comments on this matter and ask the reporter to just wait for the official proclamation of the sentence of the offender on the scheduled date. Joan should never attempt to discuss her officers recommendations regarding the sentence of the "kiddie killer" until such time when such sentence has already been made final. Making any premature comments at this point will only raise speculations from the media and may put the Collier County Probation Department in a bad light. In the event where Joan elects to discuss the sentence of the "kiddie killer" with the reporter, she should make it clear to the reporter the reasons behind the sentence. First, she should be able to explain to the reporter that the present mental condition of the boy. Second, she should be able to make the reporter understand that the boy committed the crime after he was subjected to abuse by the victim for several years. Joan should make the reporter understand that the crime committed by the offender is not just one of those random acts of violence but rather it is a result of long years of mental and physical abuse. Third, Joan should make it clear to the reporter that based on expert evaluation; the boy is a low risk for recidivism which makes him relatively harmless to the people around him. Since he is as much a victim of the offense as was his stepfather, he should be given due considerations. A community-based sentence which will allow the boy to slowly reintegrate into soc iety and live a normal life is the most humane way to deal with

Nepals Participation In UN Peacekeeping

Nepals Participation In UN Peacekeeping Nepal has been taking part in UN peacekeeping missions since three years after it became a member of the UN, and has contributed numerous peacekeepers in multiple missions. Nepal commemorated 50 years of participation in UN peace support operations in 2008 and was the fourth largest troop contributor to UN peacekeeping missions in 2004 and fifth largest in 2009.  [1]  Nepal considers its contribution to UN peacekeeping operations as a tool for implementing Nepalese foreign policy, which is guided by the principles of UN Charter.  [2]   Historically, Nepals shift towards internalization was an effort to pursue foreign policy goals. The Nepalese Armys peacekeeping participation was part and parcel of that effort. The UN has provided an important forum for smaller countries like Nepal to pursue its national interests and exercise foreign policy with dignity and sovereignty.  [3]  It has also provided small countries with moral and physical security from aggression, interference, and encroachment.  [4]   Nepals major engagement in UN peacekeeping operations came during the second democratic period, 1990-2005. Nepal started sending troops under the provision of Chapter VII of UN Charter, when its troops participated in peace enforcement mission in Somalia in 1993. The Nepalese Army (NA) acquired some experience and professionalism by operating with other professional armies. Taking part in UN peacekeeping missions is also an opportunity to be operational in the field.  [5]  Before its involvement in counterinsurgency operations in Nepal in 2001, the NA had a very few opportunities to deploy its soldiers in the field to hone their skills. In addition, working with civilians during peacekeeping missions has considerably altered its approach to deal with different problems. However, from 1990 through the end of 2000 was a decade characterized by policy inconsistencies between the militarys internationalism and the governments internal orientation. The NA was solely focused on its international peacekeeping mission, while the political parties were entangled in domestic politics. There was a clear gap between the states approach and the functioning of one of the instrument of national power, the military. At the strategic level, Nepal lacked a coherent policy that would allow it to institutionalize the experience gained in international missions. Even after political change of 2005, this trend seems unceasing. My effort in this paper would be to analyze this divergence in Nepal. Before dwell upon the core issue, I attempt to give a brief account of the Nepalese peacekeeping participation in different political scenarios. Nepalese Participation in UN Peacekeeping Missions in Different Periods After becoming a member of the UN in 1955, Nepal participated in the 1958 peacekeeping mission in Lebanon, UNOGIL. Nepal has since contributed to UN missions in the Middle East, Africa, Europe and the Caribbean. The first Nepalese battalion-sized contingent, the Purano Gorakh Battalion, was deployed in Egypt with UNEF II in 1974. Throughout the whole Panchayat period, the NA participated in six different peacekeeping missions.  [6]  Nepalese peacekeepers have since made major contributions. There was a surge in NA participation in peacekeeping missions after the establishment of multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy in 1990.  [7]  The establishment of a multiparty democratic system in Nepal was a result of the worldwide third wave of democratization. Other parts of the world saw similar political agitation, conflict and transformation. During this period, the majority of NA troops were deployed in peace enforcement and multidimensional peacekeeping operations in wh ich internal armed conflicts constituted the major problems. When the Maoists launched an armed struggle against the government, the NA faced a challenge to continue participating in peacekeeping missions. However, with the gradual increase in the size of the NA after its involvement in counterinsurgency operations, participation in peacekeeping operations was no longer hindered. Nepal has taken part in peacekeeping missions in various conflict zones, and some of the NAs high ranking officers have filled key appointments in peacekeeping missions. Not only various force commanders and high-ranking officials who directly monitor and supervise international peacekeeping in the field say that the NAs mission performance is commendable, but also UN Secretary General has praised Nepalese peacekeepers.  [8]  Its peacekeeping contributions allowed Nepal to become an organizational committee member of the UN Peace Building Commission for 2008/2009 in the category of troop-contributing countries.  [9]   As of May 2010, Nepal has contributed 76,610 troops in 35 missions around the globe, and at present, the NA has deployed more than 4,420 peacekeepers in 12 different missions in the capacity of military observers, military liaison officers, staff officers in mission headquarters, and as contingent members. The government of Nepal has signed to make 5,000 troops available, as and when requested, to the UN Standby Arrangement System (UNSAS).  [10]   There has been no change in the trend of Nepalese peacekeeping participation since its first involvement. However, Nepal faces some challenges in peacekeeping. Apart from some logistical and management difficulties, allegations of human rights violations are also causing some problems in recent years.  [11]  Despite these problems, peacekeeping participation has been continuing. The interim government led by the Nepali Congress party, the Maoist-led government, and the CPN (UML) government all emphasized and praised the Nepals peacekeeping participation wholeheartedly. Most NA members have participated in a UN peacekeeping mission at least once in their military career. After serving for a few years in the army, almost all NA officers participate in UN peacekeeping missions more than once. Participating in UN peacekeeping is an opportunity for professional enhancement for many Nepalese soldiers. Apart from gaining experience, Nepalese Army personnel also receive monetary benefits that help raise their living standards and keep them motivated during peacekeeping activities and in their own country. The UN allowance is four to eight times higher than a standard salary in Nepal. At the institutional level, economic benefits from peacekeeping have become an important source for the welfare fund. At national level it has significantly contributed to national economy and foreign currency deposit. This shows that peacekeeping missions have become the NAs one of the major roles.  [12]  The Nepalese Armys uninterrupted participation in peacekeeping miss ions during two major political revolutions in 1990 and 2006 and during its active involvement in counterinsurgency operations indicate that the NA has been transforming into a peacekeeper military as described by Paul Shemella.  [13]   In its many years of UN peacekeeping missions, Nepal has undergone through various experiences and evolution processes. The concept of peacekeeping missions emerged from the concept of collective security founded in the concept of collective defense that seeks to form alliances against any state which commits an act of aggression. During the Cold War, peacekeeping was limited to interposing troops between belligerent parties, supervising and verifying cease-fires, and observing, monitoring, and reporting. Peacekeeping duties were limited to maintaining the status quo, and emphasis was given on impartiality and minimum use of the force, in which neutral countries like Nepal, rather than the permanent members of the UN Security Council, played a crucial role.  [14]  These missions were mandated by Chapter VI of UN charter. Nepal contributed peacekeepers to missions under Chapter VI. The mere presence of blue helmets was enough to restrain the conflicting parties from further hostil ities. Non-enforcement was the norm of traditional peacekeeping. Parties were deterred from relying on force; deployment of peacekeepers began after fighting halted; peacekeepers used to create buffers without seizing territory; and rather than taking territory, peacekeepers aimed to restore order or defend the territory. During those days national contingents did not have to make their own logistical arrangements, as the Wet Lease provision provided everything from toilet paper to tanks. Such arrangements made UN peacekeeping participation less challenging to developing countries like Nepal. Government and armed forces peacekeeping responsibilities were limited to making political or operational decisions to participate in particular missions. The nature of conflict changed with the end of the Cold War, requiring a new approach to peacekeeping missions and the advent of the second and third generations of peacekeeping missions.  [15]  The new multidimensional peacekeeping operations focused on facilitating political processes; creating a secure and stable environment and strengthening state security apparatus; and providing a framework for ensuring that all UN and other actors pursue their activities with close civil and military cooperation as the key to success. Although Nepal participates in most of the multidimensional peacekeeping missions, the lack of civilian participation in the Nepalese Armys peacekeeping efforts has impeded the most needed changes in the present context of multi-dimensional peacekeeping efforts. The government treats Nepalese peacekeeping participation as the sole prerogative of the NA, showing a lack of enthusiasm to coordinate and supervise these activities. The Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Foreign Affairs have not been active enough in managing peacekeeping efforts. The process of selecting, training, equipping, projecting and maintaining peacekeepers in conflict zones has not been very effective in the changing context.  [16]  This is one of the reasons why, despite long and successful involvement in international missions and interactions with other professional armed forces, the NA could not become as efficient as it should have been. The inability to bring prompt synergic effect of peacekeeping and diplomatic efforts on the recent allegation of cholera outbreak in Haiti may have long term implications on Nepalese peacekeeping. These problems can cause a great setback in peacekeeping efforts by tarnishing the image of Nepal and the NA. The inability to demonstrate the desirable competence of civilian and military institutions has resulted in inadequate performances in diplomatic as well as operational aspects of peacekeeping.  [17]  Also, lacking a symbiotic relationship between the military and civilians with regard to peacekeeping involvement, foreign policy and security, Nepal has not been able to achieve maximum output. Foreign Policy Aspects of the Nepalese Peacekeeping The Interim Constitution of Nepal (2007) states, the Foreign Policy of Nepal shall be guided by the principles of UN Charter, nonalignment, the Panchasheel, International law and the norms of world peace.  [18]  The previous Nepalese constitution, the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal (1990), also states that the UN Charter shall be one of the five guiding principles of Nepalese foreign policy.  [19]  The Ministry of Foreign Affairs claims that Nepal has consistently supported UN efforts to maintain peace and security by its continued participation in the UN.  [20]   The first democratic period from 1950 through 1960 was a time of political upheaval and transformation in Nepal. This was also the period of establishing national identity and preserving national integrity and sovereignty. The political parties and leaders considered the UN to be the protector and the guarantor of national identity, integrity, independence and sovereignty.  [21]  Thus, the decision to participate in UN peacekeeping missions in 1958 was a crucial one, a watershed moment in Nepalese foreign policy. When Nepal sought UN membership in 1949, the Soviet Union raised the question of Nepalese sovereignty. Nonetheless, Nepal became a UN member in 1955.  [22]  The fluid domestic, regional and international political situation made Nepals survival as a nation state of primary importance during 1950s and 1960s. In an address to the 15th Session of the UN General Assembly, Prime Minister Bisheswar Prasad Koirala said: The foreign policy of Nepal is wholly inspired by the purposes and principles of UN. We regard UN not only as a bulwark of our independence and security, but also as the protector of our rights and freedomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We believe in the independent exercise of our judgment in considering international issuesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦While we welcome and are grateful for the help that is being given to us by friendly governments-those of India, the United States, China, the USSR, the United Kingdom and others-as well as by UN, we do not want any country to tell us how we should think, or how we should conduct our internal affairs.  [23]   After the Rana rule and until 1960, the various governments in Nepal had different foreign policy preferences.  [24]  But the king wanted to have a balanced relationship between the two giant neighbors and to maintain the sovereignty of Nepal. While the king was searching for opportunities, he found that participating in international peacekeeping missions under the aegis of the UN was the best way to retain sovereignty and national independence. From 1961 through 1971, King Mahendra played a key role in shaping and implementing foreign policy, seeking to achieve three main objectives: maximization, diversification and mobilization. He first tried to expand the playing field of foreign policy by exploiting the preferences and the clash of interests between India, China and other major powers. Then he sought to go beyond a limited reliance on a few resources. Finally, he utilized Nepals active participation in international forums like UN and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) to pressure and mobilize regional and international powers in Nepals favor.  [25]   To utilize peacekeeping participation as a tool to protect Nepals sovereignty, the king dovetailed the armys peacekeeping efforts with countrys foreign policy objectives, adopting an internationalist approach to foreign policy.  [26]  This internationalist approach produced a synergic outcome by effectively utilizing the NAs peacekeeping participation to search for Nepals space in international forums. The internationalism came to fruition when Nepal was chosen for important responsibilities in the UN. For instance, Nepal led the Commission of Investigation into the Conditions and Circumstances resulting in the tragic death of then Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold, who was killed in a plane crash at Ndola in Lusaka in 1961.  [27]  The internationalist approach also helped Nepal to become a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council in 1969-70 and in 1988-89 by an overwhelming majority. Nepals Zone of Peace Proposal, based on Panchasheel, was a reflection of Nepals aspi ration to achieve and maintain its sovereignty, integrity and independence without interference from neighboring countries.  [28]  A total of 116 countries supported the proposal, including four permanent members of the UN Security Council. Additionally, this approach helped Nepal to project its image to the international community and to maintain its sovereignty, independence and national integrity. The outcome of the internationalist approach during 1970s and 1980s was positive and significant.  [29]  But the democratic government formed after 1990 could not formulate any new policy or vision for employing the army in peacekeeping missions, nor did it wholeheartedly continue existing policies. Thus the internationalist approach became dormant. The NAs profound contribution to UN peacekeeping missions could not be fully utilized to support foreign policy objectives and national interests. The Ministry of Defense and Ministry of Foreign Affairs also kept a low profile. Without a dedicated defense minister and without the Ministry playing an effective role in peacekeeping activities, peacekeeping remained solely the armys private domain. Since political attention to the internationalist approach was not sufficient, the NAs participation in UN peacekeeping missions continued without meaningful political-diplomatic congruity.  [30]  This resulted in diplomatic setbacks. For instance, by eliminating Nepal, Indonesia was elected as the UN Security Councils non-permanent member for a two years term starting in January 2007.  [31]  There could be many reasons for this failure including the weakening of Nepali diplomacy on various fronts. However, some posit that it also points to the ineffectiveness of recent Nepalese peacekeeping initiatives. Chiran Thapa writes, Despite Nepals contribution to numerous UN led peace operations, the rejection of Nepals candidacy by an overwhelming majority at the General Assembly clearly suggests that the international community deems Nepal as less capable of serving global security interests.  [32]  In the face of Nepals widely lauded participation in peacekeeping, why Nepal is less capable in international forums is a serious issue. Conclusion Over fifty years, the NAs participation in UN peacekeeping has been remarkable. Although Nepals first democratic period (1950-1960) was full of chaos, the political forces in the country realized the necessity of taking an internationalist approach. Therefore, this period was a watershed in Nepals peacekeeping participation as well as its approach to foreign policy. Although an authoritative regime, the Panchayat period was an extension and consolidation of the same policies with enhanced participation. The positive outcome of the peacekeeping effort was seen during the 1970s and 1980s. After the reestablishment of democracy in 1990, Nepalese peacekeeping efforts increased tremendously, but foreign policy did not go along the peacekeeping contribution. The democratic forces could not fill in the authoritative vacuum created by the political change between the two instruments of national power, military and diplomacy. Despite some shortcomings, Nepals performance in peacekeeping missi ons has been very successful and widely acclaimed. Nepal could have benefitted highly, both diplomatically and politically, but did not. Nepals peacekeeping participation is being continued in the same pace even after the establishment of republic system. Despite many political ups and downs and changes in political system, there is no difference in opinion in Nepal about its participation in peacekeeping operations. This clearly indicates that there is a consensus among the Nepalese political parties that peacekeeping participation contributes to Nepals vital interests. Therefore, the time has come to reassess the gap between the Nepalese peacekeeping participation and foreign policy goal and rectify existing inconsistencies and digressions before it becomes too late.

Impact of the Media on Society :: Television Media TV Essays

Impact of the Media on Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Media technologies are becoming an important aspect of today’s society. Each and every day, people interact with media of many different forms. Media is commonly defined as being a channel of communication. Radio, newspapers, and television are all examples of media. It is impossible to assume that media is made up of completely unbiased information and that the media companies do not impose their own control upon the information being supplied to media users. Since many people use media very frequently, it is obvious to assume that it has affects on people. According to the text book Media Now, "media effects are changes in knowledge, attitude, or behavior that result from exposure to the mass media," (386). This leaves us with many unanswered questions about media and its influences. This paper will look at how the effects of media are determined and explore the main affects on today’s society - violence, prejudice, and sexual b ehavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand how media can affect society or individuals, it is first necessary to look at different approaches that can be taken to analyze the media. According to the book Media Now, there are two main approaches that are used: the deductive approach and the inductive approach. The deductive approach is when a social scientist first comes up with theories or predictions through systematic observations of the media, and then uses the results of their research to support the theory or prove it false. An inductive approach is slightly opposite because this method looks first at peoples interactions with media and with each other, and then creates theories from the real-life situational research. The inductive approach tends to be used more frequently because its theories are based off real instances. Another difference in the ways to approach researching the effects of media is how some social scientists are interested in quantitative information while others are more interested in qualitative information. Quantitative information is when the desired results are as many as possible, while qualitative information is when the desired results are made up of the best, most useful information. All of these approaches and methods of research influence how social scientists determine the ways that media effects society and individuals. The kinds of studies done by these social scientists create detailed profiles of media and its content, and identify trends overtime. For example, one study found that exposure to alcohol advertising and television programming has been shown to be associated with positive beliefs about drinking and alcohol consumption (Austin 2).

Business arena Essay

Recent years have demonstrated that a lack of unity exists within the business arena compared to the synergistic methods in which trade unions execute their policies. This must be considered another of the drawbacks of the existence of interest groups. This has resulted in costly political campaigning for Australian businesses (Bell, 0000). The number of organisations that attempt to represent their interests at the political level has become such a complex and tangled web that it is often unprofitable for to do business in such a scene (Matthews). Such action often bring great expense and yet offer little real guarantee of success (Coutskorais, 0000, p. 80). Such organisations in Australia as the Minerals Council of Australia (which represents the particular industry) and Surfer’s Paradise Chamber of Commerce (which represents regional membership) exist for the profitable purpose of (among other things) promoting competition among businesses and the consequent improvement of policies (Matthews, 0000, 75) Despite the clear benefits that interest groups can provide, some drawbacks do exist when one considers their impact on the politics of a country. It is usually necessary to be careful that certain interest groups do not become too powerful and end up coercing government to adversely affect policy changes (Apollonio & Bero, 2007). The two Australian interest groups previously mentioned are cases in point, as they represent very powerful organizations that have at least a large potential to urge the implementation of any of the policies they devise. Care must be taken that the policies they advocate really do consider the interest of the public. One major reason why such care must be taken is the fact that these interest groups are never guaranteed to possess equity in their actions. Because they take a particular stand on an issue, their interest is likely to exclude the interest of several others who have opposing views. Furthermore, interest groups have the general privilege of making donations to political parties. This is a lobbying technique that has been around for decades, but may give a political edge to such groups that have the greatest means of funding such campaigns (2007). Some interest groups have outsider status, and this means that they attempt to influence policy by altering public opinion (Evans, year. p. 84). Such groups may prove both beneficial and detrimental to the politics of a country. The detriment comes where such groups falsify or misrepresent information to the public in order to convince them (and their political candidates) to act in the behalf of the group. One group which has historically been seen in this light is the tobacco industry-front group. According to researchers Appollonio & Bero, â€Å"The tobacco industry has a history of misrepresenting scientific evidence† (2007, p.419). The researchers go on to point out that the industry has created what seems to be an unaffiliated interest group which presents â€Å"its antiregulation agenda as an expression of popular will, and allowed industry lobbyists access to policymakers who were otherwise unwilling to work with them† (2007, p. 419). This presents a very unfavourable view of political interest groups. However, positive effects of this attempt to influence the public may occur in the form of debates between/among opposing groups, through which the public becomes more informed about the policies being advocated by each. Furthermore, since each group represents a social movement made up of people who share values and see eye to eye on certain matters of concern, these groups provide a forum or network of communication that has the potential to provide a series of checks and balances amongst themselves and within the government (Marsh, 2000). Overall, the action groups that exist within Australia to lobby for the interests of the people have a predominantly positive impact on the Australian society. Such organizations as the Boy’s Club, Gay rights, and animal liberation groups offer protection and a voice for these minorities in the decision-making sectors of the government. Such groups also speak for such issues as gun control, military disarmament, and the protection of the environment. These interest groups possess the expertise and the experience to speak persuasively in the behalf of their interests, and also have the ability to aid in the execution of policies once they have been adopted by the political bodies. The media has the positive effect of promoting the accountability of the government, and of other businesses that my have formed ties with members of the government. However, the highly structured and powerful nature of certain interest groups, while they have the power to get things done within the government, also have the power to wrongly influence the government on their behalf. It is therefore necessary to take care in the freedom with which such groups are allowed to act. References van Acker, E. & Curran, G. (eds. ) 2004, Governing Business and Globalisation, (2nd edn. ) Pearson, Frenchs Forest. Ang, J & C. Boyer. 2007, â€Å"Finance and politics: the wealth effects of special interest group influence during the nationalisation and privatisation of Conrail. † Cambridge Journal of Economics. vol. 31, no. 2, pp 193-216. Apollonio, D. E. & L. A. Bero. 2007, â€Å"Finance and politics: the wealth effects of special interest group influence during the nationalisation and privatisation of Conrail. † American Journal of Public Health. vol. 97, no 3, pp 419-428. BCA. (2007). â€Å"Our Structure. † Business Council of Australia. Melbourne, VIC. Retrieved on May 8, 2007 from http://www. bca. com. au/Content. aspx? ContentID=100827 Hague, R. M. Harrop, S. Breslin. 1994, Political Science: A Comparative Introduction. St. Martin Press, New York. Gray, V. & D. Lowery. 2000, Population Ecology of Interest Representation : Lobbying Communities in the American States. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Greenemeier, L & J. N. Hoover. 2007, â€Å"Advocacy, Inc. † InformationWeek. no. 1121, pp 38-46. Hollander, R. â€Å"Name of Chapter or Essay. † (2006). Eccleston, R, Williams, P. & Hollander, R. (Eds. ). Foundations of Australian Politics. Pearson Education, Sydney. Marsh, I. 2000, â€Å"Gaps in Policy-making capacities; interest groups, social movements, think tanks and the media. † in M. Keating, J. Wanna & P. Weller (eds. ) Institutions on the Edge: Capacity for Governance. Allen & Unwin, St Leonard’s. Parkin, A, Summers, J. & Woodward, D. (eds. ) 2006, Government, Politics, Power and Policy in Australia, (8th ed. ) Pearson, French’s Forest. Chapter 17. Singleton, G et al. 2006, Interest Groups’ in Australian Political Institutions. 8th edn. Pearson, French’s Forest.. Ward, I. & R. G. Stewart. 2006, Ch. 12, ‘Pressure Groups and Social Movements’ in Politics One, 3rd edn. , Palgrave. Macmillan, South Yarra. Weitzel, P. 2004, â€Å"Joining with non-media organization can help win access battle. † The Quill. vol. 92, no 7, pp 20-21.

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